Data access restrictions are key to ensure that confidential information is kept private and secure. They are used to restrict data access to only those individuals who have earned that right through rigorous vetting.
This includes screening of research projects, training of researchers and the use of virtual or physical secure lab environments. In certain instances, a publication embargo is required to safeguard research findings.
There are a variety of models of access control, including Discriminatory access Control (DAC) where the administrator or the owner decides who has access to particular resources, systems, or data. This model offers flexibility however it can also cause security risks because individuals can inadvertently allow access to people who should not be granted access. Mandatory Access Control (MAC), is a mandatory and standard feature in military or government settings where access is controlled by information classification and levels of clearance.
Access control is also critical in meeting the requirements of industry compliance for security and protection of information. By adopting best practices for access control and adhering to pre-defined policies organizations can demonstrate compliance during audits or inspections. They also can avoid penalties and fines, and maintain trust with customers or clients. This is especially important in settings that are under the control of regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. By reviewing and updating regularly the access privileges of former and current employees, companies can ensure that sensitive data isn’t exposed to unauthorised users. This requires careful auditing of permissions in place, and ensuring that access is automatically removed when employees quit or change roles within the company.